How does an arbitrator determine that a company had just cause for taking a disciplinary action?

How does an arbitrator determine that a company had just cause for taking a disciplinary action?

QUESTION 1

How does an arbitrator determine that a company had just cause for taking a disciplinary action? What remedy might an arbitrator choose if a company did not have just cause? Will the process be different if the organization does not have union representation? If so how?

Your response should be at least 300 words in length.

QUESTION 2

By what means can collective bargaining agreements be enforced? Discuss the five principles that govern the arbitration of grievances under collective bargaining. What measures are utilized in non-union environments?

Your response should be at least 300 words in length.